The part of a TFT LCD that regulates the polarisation of the light passing through each pixel is the liquid crystal layer. Between the TFT array and the colour filters is a layer of liquid crystal made up of millions of tiny liquid crystal molecules.
How it works:
The liquid crystal molecules twist and alter their polarisation when an electric charge is applied to them, allowing light to pass through or blocking it depending on the orientation of the molecules. The TFT array can control the polarisation of light passing through the liquid crystal layer, resulting in the images and video displayed on the screen, by adjusting the electric charge applied to each individual pixel.
The backlight unit, colour filters, and liquid crystal layer all work together to create the final image on the screen. The liquid crystal layer controls the polarisation of the light, creating the precise colours and shades required for each pixel while the backlight unit provides the white light that passes through the colour filters and the liquid crystal layer.
Types of liquid crystals:
There are several types of liquid crystals used in TFT LCD manufacturing, including:
- The most prevalent kind of liquid crystals used in TFT LCDs are twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystals. They offer good image quality and response times and are relatively cheap to produce.
- In-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystals are more expensive to produce than TN liquid crystals but offer better viewing angles and colour accuracy.
- Liquid crystals with vertical alignment (VA): These crystals have the highest contrast ratio of any liquid crystal type, but they also have the slowest response time.
In conclusion, a TFT LCD’s liquid crystal layer, which regulates the polarisation of light passing through each pixel, is an essential part. High-quality pictures and videos are displayed on the screen thanks to the liquid crystal layer, which also collaborates with the backlight system and colour filters. Depending on the particular needs of the application, various liquid crystal types are used in the production of TFT LCDs.
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